12. Civil War Diary Part XII (June (1864)- August (1864))



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Dallas, GA. June 1 1864 – Wednesday


June 1st 1864 – Wednesday – Today two Divisions of our Cavalry enter Allatoona. The confederate army is withdrawing to Kennesaw Mt.


With Div. Hosp. in rear of the 20th Corps. Regt has moved 5 miles.


They keep up a continual musketry + artillery fire.


The Rebel yell rises every night now + then, followed from right to left by the furious rattling of musketry + the thunder of field artillery. After which is heard the hearty Northern Cheer.


The enemy seems to be anxious, trying to find some weak or unguarded spot in our long lines where he may break through. He seems to know that we are moving around him + therefore hopes to find an unguarded or weak place where he can break through, gain our rear + throw us into confusion. Hence his frequent desperate + continuous charges here + there. He is all the time “feeling our lines”. Unfortunately for him he finds them strong + well-guarded everywhere. The country hereabouts is rugged + heavily timbered. It is a rather pleasant country to travel through. Just back of the rebel lines of breastworks, which we can plainly see as we ride along runs a range of high hills, almost mountains continuous in some places + broken into spurs + peaks in others. At good points, all along these hills the rebels have batteries + earthworks. Sometimes the rocks (???) form good breastworks + Protections. Cos A, E, + G skirmish



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Map –

Detailed map of troop movements on approach to Atlanta


Sketch

Captioned: A Surprised Picket Post.



Page 3

Personal Letter

Kiss my little cousins for me. Sorry Charlie couldn’t come to Georgia with Emma + Hattie.


At the foot of Kinesaw Mt.


Georgia June 2nd


Dear Uncle, Aunt. + Grandmother;


I received your kind and ever welcome letter with the long looked for photographs enclosed. Dident I feel happy though when that big letter was handed to me. Words cannot express how much good it does one so far away from those we love, to see them so plain, we almost speak to them. I think they are first rate, all look natural as life almost. Oscar thought these were the best he has ever seen, but I guess he never saw Emma or Hattie’s photography before these. Its been very warm here the sun seems to scorch things (???)



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(Continued Personal Letter)


I am not required to go out on the extreme skirmish line and so am not so much exposed as I would be if I were in the company, yet I had a few bullets sent after me most every engagement we were in. If you haven’t sent those shirts yet, don’t do so until this campaign is over. We get along with just as little as possible an I might loose them. About all we carry is a rubber blanket, a wollen one + a shirt. Our rations + ammunition. Blackberries are ripe + I have had whortleberries several times, but they are most all good (???) We have not been payed off since we started on our march and most everyone is out of cash, but there is very little use for money here. I believe Oscar was paid before he left Springfield Ills. We hear the pay master will be here as soon as the fighting is done. The rebels are very obstinate and seem determined



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(Continuation of Personal Letter)


To Hold this range of mountains + they frequently make heavy and desperate charges on our line, but in no case that I know of have they broken over our breastworks. The rebs. Charged a division of the 15th Corps 3 nights since, but were repulsed. I suppose you can read + learn much more news in the papers than I could tell in twenty letters, because we don’t know only what is going on just in front of us. We can hear firing to the right + left, but don’t which side it is from. There is splendid water here all over this state where we have been. Some of the nicest springs among the rocks I ever saw. The soil generally is pretty poor and the people are all ruined by the war and I



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(Continued Personal letter)


Suppose some are fighting in the Rebel army because they have no place else to go. A great many entertain hope of the war closing soon. I hope so, but on what I think are poor foundations. I think it will linger on for two or maybe 3 years yet.


War.


Wanton Moon has been quite sick with small pox + is not (eating) well yet. Most of the other Sheffield Boys are well.


Well, I must look at my precious photographs again. Grandmother looks smiling + happy + I hope she may be so many years to come. I haven’t written much to the other correspondents at home from the fact that we can’t often write and when we do it is to our home for that above all other on earth is the dearest place and when a soldier falls he speaks of home. Sometimes dies with the word half unspoken. Do please write soon + often, always aimed to Co. C, 66th Ills. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div. 16 A.C. Hope all will write + Dear Aunt write + good love….



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Division Hospital, Near Dallas, GA June 4 1864 – Saturday


The weather is now quite hot. Some wounded men from our regiment arrive here today, which shows that they have had fighting since we left.


Last night the 15th A.C. moved around to the left - + today the 20th A.C. files out from its works + the 15th+16th fill in + take their places. The trenches, breastworks, + rifle pits are thus kept full of men in line + ready. Yet there is some breaking + confusion in this “side step to the left” + the enemy are ever watchful to take an advance + also to find the extreme left flank open or unguarded in some way so that they can slip around it + gain our rear.


Hence there are almost constant charges + countercharges + so the fighting + the movements go on.


A new Asst. Surgeon, Dr. Robt. Stephenson just graduated + assigned to our regt. for duty, comes down from the North + reports to Dr. Pogue.


June 3rd 1864 – Friday.


Today I rode away around to the left, N.E. to Hooker’s new position. There is a good road all around + it is a busy scene. Tonight the Confederate Army occupies its New Works at Kenesaw Mt.


June 4, 1864, Saturday – The advance of our army occupies Ackworth. The Div. Hospital has now about 800 sick + wounded men in it from the Div. 90 of whom are from my regiment. The 66th Ind. + the 66th Ills, have suffered the most of any regt. in the Div. so far.



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Map

Heavily annotated map of troop movements. Showing the formation of Johnson’s New Lines on Lost Pine + Kenesaw Mts. After being flanked out of Dallas, June 3, 1864.


Picture of Lieut. Gen. L. Polk of the Confederate Army.
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Ackworth, GA, June 5-10, 1864


June 5, 1864, Sunday – (I am 19 years old today)


Everything is very quiet today.


At the front near Ackworth + also at Big Shanty there was some sharp Cavalry Skirmishing. Thus Big Shanty, a little R.R. Station 100 miles from Chattanooga was reached 6th + about 10,000 men on our side were killed, wounded + missing. The C.S. lost 8,781 + 12,983 prisoners.


June 6 1864, Monday


The 16th A.C. moves on around left-wise to Ackworth today.


We do not hear any firing + have lost track of the 15th, 20th A.C + the 17th A.C.+


Division Gens. Come in by rail from We are moved a short distance to the rear as a rear guard against cavalry on the flanks + to act also as a reserve.


June 7 1864, Tuesday


All quiet at Ackworth. Long Trains of cars with supplied coming in Allatoona is fortified + made a secondary base of supplies – Chattanooga is the first - + Ackworth is the place of issue- The R.R. is repaired up to our skirmish line almost.


June 8, 1864 Wednesday


All wounded + sick brought up to Ackworth today + such as can bear transportation are sent back to Chattanooga.


June 9, 1864, Thursday


Am relieved from duty in Div. Hosp. today + ordered to report for duty as Hosp. Steward to our new Asst. Surgeon, Dr. Stephenson, with the regiment. Dr. Pogue remains with the Div. Hosp.


June 10, 1864. Friday


Am with the regiment again, which is camped in a shady woods. The weather is hot, + roads dusty. A tremendous thunder storm comes up about 10 A.M. In it we march on to Big Shanty, six miles south on the Western + Atlantic R.R. + camp in an old rebel camp.




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Annotated map

Illustrating Schofield’s Charge on Little Kenesaw Mt. Across to Noses Creel + Niccajack Creek – Showing Also Johnson’s Lines after abandoning Lost + Pine Mts.



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Loose Paper

Clipping of the famous War Engine “General” of the Western Atlantic Railroad.



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Big Shanty, GA


June 11, 1864, Saturday


Heavy rain all day. Move into a field on the right of the R.R. looking South + about ½ mile south of the big warehouse station called Big Shanty. (Here is where the engine was taken by the Andrew’s Raiders, who hoped to destroy rebel bridges) We find ourselves with our brigade in the rear of the 15 A.C. + Conclude that for the present we are reserves. (In purple ink) Visit Dr. Pogue at Division Field Hospital a few miles to the rear of camp, + remain overnight – returning to camp next day. 19yrs + 6 days old.


June 12, 1864, Sunday.


Heavy Rain. The men in the breastworks have to stand in mud + water a good part of the time. There is a continuous desultory firing along the lines which are about 5 miles from Kinesaw Mountain. There has been an interruption or R.R. by Rebel Cavalry + our rations are short.


June 13, 1864, Monday.


Heavy Rains + short rations, still in camp in rear of 15th A.C.


June 14, 1864, Tuesday – (in red ink) The C.S. General L.K. Polk was killed on Pine Mt. by a cannon shot from a federal battery today. (Gen. Polk was a brother of President Pole – whose widow resided at Nashville during the war.) Gen. Loring took his command.


Extended rains o’er all these plains.


June 15, 1864, Wednesday – The 17th Corp, (???) drove Hood’s Corps behind Noonday Creek today + Captured a C.S. Regiment of Alabamians.


A supply train has got through on the R.R. + we rejoice in rations again.


Today the 4th Div. of the 16th A.C., supporting the Charge of the 17th Corps over Noonday Creek are ordered to charge the works along Kenesaw + the 2nd Div. is to support the 4th. The men of the 4th go over their breastworks + out into the woods in good style. We hear the thunder of guns on the right + left, but no important works are carried- Our lines however are advanced some 2 miles + held. The 4th Div. suffers severe losses. The cannon we heard was Geary’s Div. of Hookers Corps, advancing its lines East of Pine Mt. Cleburns Div…



Page 13

Maps of troop movement Artifact: Old money captioned below as follows:

Enclosed is some old war times money it was given to me as “I thought you might like it, if so keep it” –Sister Mary I Bill


Sketch

Opening of a Battle by Battery.



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Kinesaw Mt. GA, June 16 Thursday – 19 Sunday, 1864


June 16, 1864, Thursday –


The 2nd Div. moves up close behind the 4th, We find a very good camp. The advance of the 20th Corps yesterday at Pine Mountain causes the confederates to abandon both Lost + Pine Mts. Today, + to fall back to a new line east of Mud Creek.


June 17, 1864, Friday


Desultory Skirmish firing today. Rainy yet – On our right, the 4th Corps, Gen. Howard charged up to mud creek + held the skirmishing line close up to the new line of rebel works + McCooks Div. of Cavalry yet around the rebel left + up to within 6 miles of Marietta


June 18, 1864, Saturday


Skirmish firing – Sutlers have found their way down to the front + today one of them shot a soldier. Heavy rains, on our right, Hardees Corps – the Confederate left was turned. Woods, Newton’s Divs. Of the 4th Corps: Howard’s charged across Mud Creek _ during the night the rebels fell ack still further to another line of works – to protect Marietta.


June, 19, 1864, Sunday


Today, the 17th A.C. 2 Divs. On our left made a tremendous charge up the slopes of East Kenesaw to aid Schofield’s charge on Little Kenesaw on the right. With glasses we could watch the lines + even skirmishers as they crossed open fields +c. It was a grand sight. Two strong positions were carried + held. At night a part of the skirmish line was in full view of from our camp. The flash of muskets in the distance looked like fireflys or lightening bugs on a dark summer night. Occasionally a shell would burst + produce a big flash on the mountain slope. Sometimes several burst at once in the air, giving us fireworks on a grandscale. The Artillery where hidden by trees, gives by its fire, the appearance of summer lightening at evening along the horizon.


When out in full view, the flash of the guns + bursting of shells beyond was both beautiful + terrible. We hear that the 17th A.C. lost heavily in the charge.



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Schofield’s Assault June 19 , 20 , 21 – Sun, Mon, Tues.


Away around Little Kenesaw, some 9 or 10 miles to our right, the 4th, 28th, + 20th Corps charge across Noses creek + up the sides of the mountain to get a position in the South + west of Marietta.


Hood takes his corps from East Kenesaw across the rear by Marietta + succeeds in repulsing Schofield’s advance + compels our lines to remain, mostly, west of Noses Creek.


The advance of the 4th Corps under Howard got as far as the sources Nickajack Creek, south of us + could throw shells into Marietta, but did not hold the ground as to entrench.


Clipping of the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, on line of W&A R.R. near Marietta, GA, June 27, 1864 Map of Marietta and Vicinity
Page 16

Rear Guard Duty, Big Shanty, June 22, 1864, Wednesday


June 20, 1864, Monday


Heavy Rains. Over on the right, by the 15th A.C. there is a rapid fire nearly all day. We hear that a line of the enemy’s works has been taken. This is Schofield’s advance to Noses Creek + Collission with Hood’s Corps.


June 21, 1864, Tuesday


Lying in our camp in rear of the 4th Div. 16th A.C. Very wet + muddy everywhere. Sent to my friend, Lt. Lyford Craig, who is at Paducah, KY for some tobacco. Schofield forms his breastwork along Noses creek + McPherson on Noonday Crk. Thomas lies confronting Kenesaw between.


June 22, 1864, Wednesday – (in purple ink) Stevenson’s + Hindman’s C.S. Divs. Charged a part of our lines today, losing 1,000 men.


The regiment is ordered to march back on the R.R. 7 miles to protect the wagon trains, artillery +c +c, parked there which are threatened by rebel Cavalry. We go into camp in a pleasant grove on the left of the R.R. looking south. Siezing an opportunity I got on board a train going north + went back to Altoona Pass.


W. from Big Shanty, where there was a General Hospital in the care of Dr. Pogue. Most of the newly wounded men from the 16th A.C. are here. Also several from the Sharpshooters. A few have died, but most are doing remarkably well. The Hospital is on the slope of a high hill, where the air is good. We can just hear the guns at Kinesaw. 19yrs, 18 days old.


June 23rd, 1864 – Thursday.


Set out to return to Regt. Have to walk down the track 3 miles to a station where there are some cavalry cos. + where I can board a train. A very distressing diarrhea comes on with dysenteric symptoms. I reach the station with great difficulty + almost parched with thirst.



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Map Illustrating Sherman’s Assault on Kenesaw –

A slight advantage gained advancing the union line to Nickajack Crk. + throwing shells into Marietta, but with heavy losses – 2,500 K + W. Confederates report their losses on 27th as 808 K, W, + M.


The First Map shows general disposition on 26th. The second shows formations for assault on the 27th. The inner red lines on first map show ground gained on our left.



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Photograph of Gen. Johnston
Page 19

Newspaper Clipping

Detailing life of General Joseph Eggleston Johnston



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Relieved from Rear Guard Duty June 26 1864 –Sunday


(Continued from previous page) the sun was scorching hot. I crawled under a shed while bags of oats were piled + rested. There was a deep well near. From it I drew some water which seemed as cold as ice + I drank I think, all of a pint. Then I laid down on some bags of oats + went fast asleep. In about 2 hours the cars came along. I got on + returned to the regiment, feeling well + with never a pain or cramp in my bones.


The regiment was widely scattered. A company or two being stationed on each road leading up to the army rear back of Big Shanty. Regimental hdqrs. are in a white frame farm house by the main road leading to Big Shanty. From here we have a fine view of Kinesaw + its encircling lines of defense + attack. 2 lines of fire at night + of smoke by day. We can trace out the positions of the 17th, the 16th + the 15th A.C. But the 4th, 14th, + 20th are away around to the right out of sight.


June 24 1864, Friday


On our Picket Duty in rear of Big Shanty


June 25, 1864, Saturday


Picket Duty in rear.


June 26, 1864, Sunday


Relieved by Cavalry + march up to take a position in line with our Div. in front of Kinesaw. Our new line is on a wooded knoll, to the left of a battery of Rodman guns. We throw up breastworks + fix camp. (The army generally, now, is) in line for assault tomorrow.



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Kenesaw Mt. Skirmish Line, July 2, 1862


June 27, 1864,Monday- General assault of today called since the Battle of Kenesaw – this assault failed. Union loss 3,000, Confed 630. Today the army appears to be moving around to the right. There is a steady skirmish fire. The rebel artillery seems to be away from the summit of Kinesaw. Narrowly escaped getting a bullet in my stomach today while with the regt. on the skirmish line. General assault along the line today, but we were not engaged except in a lively skirmishing. Heavy cannonading in the morning, for positions. See pages.


June 28, 1864 Tuesday,


The 12th Ill relieve us on the skirmish line today, they have one man killed + 11 w.


June 30th 1864 – Thursday.


The regt. takes its turn on skirmish line today. Very hot. Co. I attempts to dislodge some rebel skirmishers from a good place on the mountain side + charge finely, but fail losing several men. Our cannon can throw shot entirely over kinesaw now.


Sketch captioned ‘killed + stripped on the skirmish line -

July 1, 1864, Friday


Orders are given to move up on the skirmish line + construct breastworks. About sundown all the batteries in position open on the enemy + for 2 hours keep up a furious cannonade. A heavy thunderstorm chimes in + one can scarce tell thunder from artillery.


July 2, 1864, Saturday


All last night + all day today the men worked like beavers on the new lines. But toward evening orders came to evacuate the works silently. The cannon wheels were wrapped with old grain sacks + blankets so as to muffle the roll. Men



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Occupation of Kennesaw


(Continues from page previous) had to tye tin cups + canteens so that they could not clatter in marching. The skirmish lines were mostly replaced by cavalry, fires were kindled and the appearance of camp kept up. About dusk we discerned the 17th A.C. marching silently along a road, leading around our rear + off to the right. They had already left their works, but their skirmish lines kept up a spattering of fire from Cavalry pickets. (The army of Tenn. was relieved by Garrard’s cavalry in order to move around to the extreme right, there to take position on Nickajack Creek + threaten Turner’s Ferry at crossing of R.R. in Johnson’s rear.)


The last of the 17th A.C. passed about 10 o’clock p.m. Then our batteries with horses hitched to limbers + (???) fired their last shots from off muffled wheels + then rolled awkwardly + silently away. Finally it came our turn to go + we crept along just in the rear of the skirmish line for a couple of miles when we pulled out into a road + jogged silently along.


We kept on around the bare of the mountain toward the right until nearly morning when we halted + were permitted to lie down in line of battle with gun in hand. Here we slept until morning.


July 3, 1864, Sunday.


Early in the dusk morning we were awakened + bid get up + stand in line. This we did + by coming light could see the line of battle extending on over the hills + across valleys + lost to view in woods.


Finally, on the summit of Kinesaw, now in our left front, the figures of men appeared waving a flag. They prove to be our cavalry skirmishers, who eliciting no reply from rebel lines – crawl over to them + find the enemy all gone. The confederates had been doing during the night just what we were doing. After breakfast, we marched rapidly on around the right


(Sherman in person entered Marietta at 8:30 A.M. today)



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Map -

Heavily annotated movement illustrating march from Kenesaw to Sandtown, Roswell, and Decatur



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Sandtown on Chattahoochee River, June 7, 1864


July 4, 1864, Monday.


Marching on as rapidly as we can bear today. We cross Knickajack Creek, where we see the evidence of hot fighting.


We go on a short distance + find signs of enemy. Three of our companies go out + deploy as skirmishers – firing begins slowly.


While we are out in these woods, the 15th + 17th A.C. come up + go into line of battle, digging interenchments. At 4 p.m. the brigade comes out to skirmish line + forms. It is ordered to charge + take a line of rebel breastworks, just ahead, which it does in good style, holding the works. Our regt. loses 1 killed + 7 wounded in the skirmish + a few taken prisoners. That evening we eat a hearty supper of rebel rations Sherman calls this skirmishing with Johnson’s rear at Smyrna Church, while Johnson is moving to get across the Chattahoochee River. The regiment captured 17 prisoners today. Regiments participating in the charge were 39th Ohio, 27th Ohio, 64 Ill, 81 Ohio, 66 Ill, 2 Iowa. 100 prisoners were captured.


July 5, 1864 Tuesday


Move on + cross another line of rebel works + then strike into a hot + dusty road, marching rapidly. We have lost the points of compass + cannot tell whither we are going. There is firing all around us, on every side. We do not know which is front + which is rear. ((We were marching south + a little west))


July 6, 1864 – Wednesday


After a short night, we march on rapidly. Very hot + dusty. Water scarce. The firing appears to be more off to our left today. Johnson is maneuvering to get his army safetly across the Chattahoochee River, while Sherman is trying to turn Johnson’s left flank + get in along his rear.


July 7, 1864, Thursday.


To day we arrive at the Chattahoochee River, i.e. = “Murmuring water”. We have the impression that we came up nearly to the



Page 25

Newspaper Clipping –

Relating to Kilpatrick’s Cavalry.


Sketch –

Captioned as follows: Under the bluff during cannonade at Sandtown. We are at Sandtown (but not in) 28 days before Kilpatrick’s Cavalry got there



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Sketch –

Picture of Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick



Page 27

(Continued from previous page) river + then turned a loop, + went on a sort of backtrack or countermarch on another road some 8 or 9 miles, + then up towards the banks. We were halted + formed into a skirmish line in a magnificent belt of timber, through which we advanced to the banks.


Two guns from Mich. (It was one section of the 14th Ohio Battery) Battery come up + go into position in a field + proceed to shell the woods on the opposite river bank.


They are answered by 20 pounder (???) guns from the rebel side. Have one man killed + a gun disabled + withdraw.


The rebel battery then shells us, but we find a ravine + let the shells buzz. We are opposite Sandtown which is 10m southwest from (Atlanta)


July, 8 1864 Friday,


Today the brigade comes up + 2 more guns (???) fight across. The river is


(???) While (???) div of the 23rd troops is crossing the Chattahoochee river 20 miles N.E. of Atlanta at (???)


July 9, 1864 Saturday –


Today the brigade is withdrawn from the river + started off N. East. No one has got hurt in our Sandtown skirmish. We start out late + march most of the night some 17 miles, camping 1 mile from Marietta. (???) of the Kinesaw Mt. Joe E. Johnson relieved….of the C.S. army.


July 10, 1864 Sunday


After resting 1 or 2 hours we are off by light + marching about 2 P.M. Large cloth mills here have been burned y Garrard’s Cavalry. Roswell is 20 m. N.E.



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Map –

Atlanta Campaign between Kingston and Atlanta


Sketch –

Captioned: Time to get out



Page 29

On Chattahoochee River


So that we have marched from a point on the river 10m s.w. of Atlanta in a semi-circle. North, around Atlanta to a point on the river 20m N.E. (i.e. from Sandtown to Roswell.)


A Div. of the 14th Corps is across the river here on the Atlanta side after resting an hour we made the river in a thunder shower, + crossing to the Atlanta side, relieve the div of the 14th corps, which moves on. We go out a little ways to some hills + throw-up breastworks.


July 11, 1864. Monday


Busy completing our breastworks (Sketch of Western Sharpshooters on the Skirmish Line)


July 12, 1864, Tuesday


Resting in a beautiful camp. Men washing clothing in the river.


July 13. 1864, Wednesday


Fine Blackberries in these woods. Also magnolia blossoms.


June 14, 1864. Thursday


The health of the regt. extremely good. Visit burned factories.


July 15, 1864, Friday


Our rest in these fine woods + by the river is very grateful


July 16, 1864, Saturday


A pioneer corps has completed a good bridge over the river her, + to day the 15th + 17th A.C. come up, cross over + go on south.



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Map –

Heavily annotated with troop moments, illustrating the Battle of Peach Tree Creek


July 19, 1864 - + 20th


Stewart of Hardee’s Corps assaulted Thomas at 4 p.m. + were defeated, losing 4,000 men. July 20th.


McPherson pushed in his lines + compelled Cleburn to hasten away from Hardees Corps to protect the C.S. right from McPherson’s attack.


Thomas lost in k+w+p = 1,600


C.S. loss estimated = 5,000



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Decatur, GA, July 19, 1864


July 17, 1864, Sunday


Today we leave our entrenchments + resume the march going southward. The 9th Ills. Mounted infantry go in advance. (Sherman’s entire army across the river today, Harper’s Histry places date at Johnson’s release today.)


July 18, 1864, Monday


About 2 p.m. resume March, our regt. in advance today. We move most of the time, deployed as skirmishers. The woods are open, the blackberries are especially large + fine + orders are given in tones muffled by a mouth full of berries. We saw no enemy. Hood now in command of the C.S. army advanced from his Peach Tree line of works + met the 20 corps – just as it got across the creek advancing. A sharp fight ensues driving Hood back, with a loss of over 4,000 men.


(July 18 + 19 are somewhat confused as dates of the Peach Tree Creek fight)


July 19, 1864, Tuesday


The 4th Div – take the advance today.


Toward noon hear some cannonading in front (it is the 15th A.C. advancing on the C.S. works). About sundown we enter Decatur about 4 miles east of Atlanta + pushed on a mile or so + camped. We paused through the town + camped just behind the 4th Div. This places us in command of Georgia rail road, which runs east to Augusta. Today Thomas fights the Battle of Peach Tree Creek


July 20, 1864, Wednesday


The 15th A.C. come in today from the direction of Stone Mountain + marching past us go on toward Atlanta. About noon, we move slowly on with frequent halts. Presently we hear the cannon of the 15th A.C. + halt there + by + by camp for the night in line of battle. The 15 A.C. throw up breastworks, the R.R. to Decauter is on our left. The 17th A.C. are massed on the left for an assault on Bald Hill town (???)



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Map -

To Illustrate the assault upon Bald Hill by the 3rd Div – 17th A.C. and its occupation by Gen Leggett – July 21st 1864.


The hill was carried by the 1st Brig of the Div. in the a.m. of the 21st + in the P.M. of the 21st the rebel movement around to our left began which resulted in the Battle of Atlanta or the fight of the 22nd July



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Atlanta Ga. July 21 1864, Thursday


July 21, 1864, Thursday


The 17th A.C. go into position on the left of the 15th A.C. + throw up breastworks – from an open hill in their line Atlanta can be seen + shot easily thrown in from our batteries. From the 2 Div. 15th A.C. line some houses in the suburbs are visible through the timber which is open + pleasant. There is considerable artillery firing on the right today. Our brigade has nothing to do today, except that it moves up closer to the 15th A.C. lines. This was the occupation of Bald Hill by 3rd Div, 17th A.C. Gen Leggett. Hood abandoned Peach Tree Creek line during night of 21. Cheatham + Stewart fortify, while Hartee’s Corps marches out south of Atlanta by the McDonough road.


July 22, 1864, Friday. (19yo, 1mo, 17d old)


Very Hot – we are up early + put into line. We moved forward a little, then to the right + finally about 10 A.M. march back on the road to Decatur about a mile, then we turn to the right + march through the fields south in rear of the 17th A.C. about half a mile – when we halt in line+ wait. The 12th Ills was on our right + the 81st Ohio on our left. The 9th Ill. was detached on mounted service. The 3rd Brigade of our Div. was on the left of our Brigade – the 2nd. I do not know the position of the 1st Brig. In front of us were the tents, teams, + ambulances of the Div. Hosp. of the 3rd Div. of the 17th A.C. Gen Leggett’s + Giles A. Smith’s.


They were behind their breastworks + their artillery was lazily firing over toward Atlanta. All around the teams + animals of the army gathered in the rear, were sleeping, or standing in the shade. No one who could keep still was moving much this stiff, hot summer day. The men in the regiment laid + sat down + many are the conjectures as to what we are here in line for in rear of 17th A.C.



Page 34

Newspaper Clipping

Accounting a deed of mercy in which two union soldiers were confronted by a confederacy picket but not fired upon, instead they were urged to collect a wounded union soldier.



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Map –

Illustrating the position of the Army of Tennessee on the evening of July 21st, 1864



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Battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, Friday


There are a succession of open fields here with rail fences + by the hospital there is quite a grove which bounds the open fields on the east + south. The fields are low hills + valleys – while the timber runs off into what appears to be lower ground, the 2 Divisions of the 17th A.C. are mostly in the fields, the right of our Brig. Does not extend out to the south, quite as far as the extreme left of the 17th A.C. The two wings are all of half a mile from each other. The left wing of the 17th A.C. is lost to sight in the timber, which bounds the fields on the south. After writing a short time our Brig. Is moved a little farther south + as we face east with our backs of the 17 A.C. which faces west – our right wing. The 12th Ills. Extends very nearly to the woods on the south, bounding the fields + into which the left of the 17th A.C. extends. Our men are now bidden to gather rails from adjacent fences + pile them up along their front for a kind of breastworks. While doing this a few scattering shots are heard in the woods to our front + right. They are from the 68th Ohio of the 3rd Div. 17th A.C. Which has gone out there to reconnoiter, + who have met some advancing rebel skirmishers. These shots are followed by others, + we see a commotion among the teamsters in the 3rd Div. Hosp. Two companies of Sharpshooters are deployed + sent into the woods east of us in our front + very soon we hear their rifles cracking sharply. Teamsters, ambulances, hospital men begin to flee out of the woods + over toward the Decatur road north. Two batteries from our 4th Div. 16th A.C. gallop up, go into positions + begin to shell the woods.



Page 37

Map –

Map of the assault on Atlanta near McDonough Wood.



Page 38

The Skirmish fire gets hot + presently we see our men running back + our line, thoroughly aroused is up + ready. A mass of rebel troops in 4 close lines – Bates + Walker’s Divs. Of Hardee’s corps, follow at their heels. Clearing the woods they rush up the slope of the fields with their rebel yell. They swing away out on the right + left covering the entire front of our Div. as far as we can see. As soon as our skirmishers are out of the way, the federal fire opens from muskets, rifles, + cannon. The rebels fire comparatively little, but rush on to the charge. The uproar is deafening – away on our left we hear the volleys of the 15th A.C. where we left, them this A.M. + in our rear + on the right we hear the uproar from the 17th A.C. We have 480 of the Henry 17 shooters in our regiment + now these guns do bloody work. The gun bands get so hot that men wrap handkerchief around to protect their hands. The rails in front get on fire. Both our color bearers are shot, also Major Campbell in command of the regiment. The rebels press on + up yelling all the while. At one time our colors + the C.S. colors are only 20 feet distant from each other – finally the rebels yield + fall back into the woods, followed by a cheer from our boys. Away up east towards Decatur some mile + a half we can hear firing all along on the 15th + 17th A.C. line. Trains of wagons are galloping to get out of range. The C.S. Divisions rejoin in the woods + try to charge again, but with less vigor + are repulsed. We have time to cook around. The grassy slope in front is full of dead + wounded rebels, of our own regiment 10 lay dead and 60 wounded. These



Page 39

Newspaper Clipping –

Regaling observations of a soldier from the 81st Ohio, Co. D. in regards to the battle of Atlanta



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(Continued from previous page) among the dead 3 color bearers + of the wounded, our former teamster Pat Cary shot through the right lung. Our flag is torn to shreds + soaked with blood + the staff broken. We now learn that General McPherson riding into the woods on the south, where the right of our Brigade – or of the 3rd Brigade of our Div. + left of the 17th A.C. did not come together. Was seen by some rebel skirmishers + shot dead.


We have heard that the 4th Div. of our Corps came in during the fight to fill up that gap, but did not quite do it. Gen Hugo (???) brigade of Div. of the 15th A.C. came in + if this is so then it was on the right of that Div + the left of the 17th A.C. where McPherson rode in + died. When right of that Div. + the left of the 17th A.C. where McPherson rode in + died


When the rebel attack in our front gave way, the 81st Ohio dashed forward + captured a large squad of prisoners + a stand of colors.


Our regt. also captures quite a number -210 by Regtl’ comd’rs report.


Gen. Logan from the 15th A.C. take command of the Army of the Tenn. at McPherson’s death. He orders up some artillery to shell the woods. A rebel battery has now got up + is shelling us. They soon quit however + all fighting seems to be over in our front.


Our brigade is then faced about + double quicked back to its old pace in the morning. Here the 2nd Div. 15 A.C. has been forced out of its works. Which are held by the rebels. In company with other troops (i.e. Woods’ Div. of 15th A.C). In company with other troops, the Brig. Forms for a charge, swoops in upon the rebels + drives them out – retakes the left two guns of a 4 gun 20 pounder Parrott Battery, DeGrass’s (?) + some men of Co. A. under Capt. W.S. Boyd trying to load + fire one of the guns bursts it. I did not see this action, being busy in the field hospital – but saw the bursted gun the next day. One man, Jno. Starke was killed in this charge + no other man in our regt. were hurt.



Page 41

Loose paper –

Images and sketches of Atkanta



Page 42

Photograph

Picture of Atlanta, GA. In 1907, 42 years after the war



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Move to New Position on Right in front of Atlanta


July 23, 1864, Saturday


Thus ended the battle of July 22nd or of Atlanta as it is sometimes called. Hood the Confederate Commander had made a desperate effort to turn our flank + get in our rears + had failed with terrible losses to himself in men. Looked over the field by the 15th Corps. Dead horses + men everywhere. The C.S. loss is reported to be 4,632 – ours 730 – NOTE: (The total (corrected) loss of the 66th Ills. was 5 (12k, 42w, 1m), the loss of the 81st Ohio was 64 (11k, 53w) the loss of the 12th Ill was 47 (10k, 37w))


July 24th, 1864, Sunday.


The pioneer corps is at work today, filling trees + throwing up breastworks. Gen O.O. Howard, appointed to command of Army of Tenn. Gen Hooker, Jealous +c resigns command of 20th A.C. + Gen Slocomb takes his place. Gen. Logan returned command of 15th A.C.


July 25th, 1864, Monday


Have helped some at Div. Hosp. where all our wounded are for a time preparatory to transference to Chattanooga + north. Feel the affect of heat + loss of sleep + get release from duty for a few days.


July 26, 1864, Tueusday –


The Div. marched to the right resting preparatory to the general change of base from the extreme left of Augusta R.R. to extreme right of Macou R.R. as we face westward – 8 miles today + comes in on the Northwest side of Atlanta + faces eastward.


July 27, 1864 Wednesday


Keep quiet today + feel better. Picked up today + read an old copy of Bunvans’ Holy War.


July 28th, 1864, Thursday – Battle of the 28th fought by the 15th A.C (The 16th Corps took up position west of Proctors Creek today, getting settled by evening. Heavy firing all day to our left. (Side of page) While getting into its position on the 28th the 15th Corps was attacked by Hood’s old Corps. Comd’ now by S.D. Lee, on the lickskillet road near Ezra Church. Lee was defeated with heavy loss.


July 29th, 1864 – Friday


The 15th A.C. seem to be sidling to the right. There is considerable firing.


July 30, 1864, Saturday.


Move slowly on to right – worked 3 hours today over a man in spasms.


July 31, 1864, Sunday.


We are up behind some old breastworks today. Rebel shell come in from all sides.



Page 44

During the Summer of 1864 the Presidential nominating conventions were held. The republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln for reelection on the basis of a war for the Union + no compromise. The Democratic party nominated Gen. Geo. B. McClellan as its candidate for president with Pendleton for V.P on the basis of a peace compromise with the seceded states – looking to the preservation of the Federal Union if possible, but the cessation of the war at all events.


Treasonable conspiracies against the union were ripe throughout the north having their base of operations in Canada + their strongest following in Ohio, New York + Indiana.


The Knights of the Golden Circle + Sons of Liberty were secret treasonable societies organized to resist the draft + to cooperate with rebel emissaries + spies.


They plotted to burn northern cities – rob banks + murder prominent military + civil officers. They committed several outrages –


C.L. Vallandigham was the Chief of the Golden Circle. Horatio Seymore, Gov. of N.Y. an active anti-war leader, Wade, Davis, + H. Greely prominent anti administrative republicans – Jacob Thompson +c were leading rebel emissaries, Canada was a willing tool of rebels.


The capture of Atlanta acted as a decided rebuff to the despondent + anti-war sentiment in the north.


Abraham Lincoln was nominated at Chicago + from the 1st of Sept. on, Matters changed immensely.


Map –
Page 45

Photograph –

Pictured is General John A. Logan



Page 46

In Front of Atlanta Aug 1-8, 1864


Aug 1, 1864 – Monday. The 15th + 17th Corps have advanced beyond the Lickskillet road.


Gen. T.W. Sweeney is ordered to Nashville under arrest today. We are glad of it for Sweeney is very unpopular. Gen J.M. Gorse succeeds him. The army of the Ohio come in on right of 15th Corps. The 14th Corps (Palmers) took position beloy Utoy Creek + thus our lines extend south + west of Atlanta, nearly to East Point.


Aug 2nd 1864, Tuesday


Today the old 2nd Div. of the 16th A.C. becomes the 4th Div. of the 15th A.C. We seem to have gone as far to the right as was intended + have ourplace now in a regular line of investment. The skirmishing is quite sharp until 11 A.M, + the rifle pits are advanced towards Atlanta – The entire army of the Tennessee – now com’d by Howard has been shifted from the extreme left to the extreme right. We are trying to get on the East Point R.R. by which Hood obtains his supplies from Macon + Montgomery.


Aug 3rd, 1864, Wednesday.


Steady Skirmish Fire + slow artillery fire – lines are pushed up some. The rebel lines are now some 15 miles in extent from Dacautur on the east around north, west, + south, to + beyond East Point, + very protected by fine Earthworks + Earth forts


Aug 4, 1864, Thursday


We have fixed up a camp behind the breastworks + take our turn skirmishing.


Aug 5, 1864, Friday


Skirmish + slow artillery fire from both lines.


Aug 6, 1864, Saturday-


Skirmish work, mostly now as pickets in rifle pits (Jeff C. Davis succeeds Palmer in command of the 14 Corps.


Aug 7, 1864, Sunday


Regular details daily for pickets in rifle pits.


Aug 8, 1864, Monday –


The opposing Pickets + rifles are not above 200 yrds apart.


Aug. 9, 1864, Tuesday –


The C.S. let fly a 64pd shell at our works occasionally. It generally goes clear over us + creates confusion in wagon trains beyond.



Page 47

Newspaper Clipping –

Detailing movements of Brigadier General Kilpatrick


Sketch of battlefield -
Page 48

Advance Our Lines Toward Atlanta, Aug. 11, 1864, Thursday


Aug 10, 1864, Wednesday – Four 4 ½ inch rifled funs arrived today 30pdr Parretts


Rations are sufficient + good. The weather is not unbearable, nights cool.


Aug, 11, 1864, Thursday –


The entire regiment is ordered out this morning + deployed into a long skirmish line – having a front of fully a quarter of a mile + the Brigade moves up as supports. The artillery behind us opens a heavy fire of shells over our heads. The shells dropping + exploding among the rebel rifle pits just in front of us + as we advance.


Our old lines are in the edge of a very pleasant woods with a considerable of a field in front, having some gullies + ravines in it. Also rail fences + brushes. Pickets had slipped out to their rifle pits among the gullies or little runways + hidden as much as possible by bushes. Across the field in our front, there were woods + in the edge of these the rebels had their rifle pits + back of them the ground rose up to a gentle ridge – all heavily wooded – our task was to drive the rebels away from their pits in the edge of the woods – push on gaining the ridge + hold it, until breastworks could be thrown up on it.


Our men went on + drove the rebels out of their pits + got to the pits. Then the rebel reserve came up + drove our men back + the rebel artillery opened. Our advance had been fully half a mile + some of our companies got well into the woods.


The rebel charge hustled us back pell mell for a ways when our supports came up. Then the brigade charged + made the rebels run – we then pushed on to the ridge, held in + threw up breastworks. After our first successful



Page 49

Annotated Map –

Detailing advance on Atlanta




Page 50

Sketch -

Captioned: Reconnoisance in force



Page 51

(Continued from page previous) advance I had gone out to the edge of the woods near the rebel pits + stopped beside a large tree along the little wagon road there. A man came to me shot in the leg – but able to walk. He sat down on a log + I began bandaging the wound, when the rebel yell + charge came + our men appeared in the woods flying back. Both the wounded man + myself got up + found bullets humming fiercely + thickly that we laid down + rolled over + over on the ground until we got where we could run + then we “put” – but the supports coming up rallied our men +c. Getting an ambulance loaded with wounded men I went with (???) back to our Div. Hospital a mile or so in the rear.


There I found many of our regiment had been sent North + stayed overnight – Dr. Pogue was here. There was here two kinds of cases. The slightly wounded + sick + the desperately wounded + sick, who could not bear transportation for some time. The slightly wounded or sick were expected to get well + return to duty. The bad cases were sent North as soon as they could bear the journey for convalescence there. Of course, many died.


The Hosp. was in good, new wall tents of various sizes in a shady place, + was as clean as possible. Yet the smells from the wounds especially when dressed, was almost unbearable. The flies were thick + weather hot. Nurses sat beside the worst cases. Amputations of legs + arms + body wounds waving green branches to drive flies away. The hospital rations were good + well-cooked Some 1200 men were in hosp.



Page 52

Annotated Map

Details on regimental movements around Atlanta



Page 53

Aug, 12, 1864, Friday – our regt. lost (???) killed + (???) wounded yesterday.


Returned to the regt. about 10 A.M. today. The men were busy digging an intrenchment on the new line = the ridge in the woods gained yesterday + some ¾ of a mile in advance of the old line. There was considerable firing + bullets fled recklessly about. It was the hardest kind of work coming from that hospital of wounds + sores to go on into the danger of getting oneself wounded + sore.


Today a 64pdr shot struck a man stooping over a little fire to warm some coffee in a cup. His tin plate was in one hand + his knife + fork in the other, the shot carved the man wholly away + the men found only legs + arms to burry.


The shell bounded from the ground then + passed over the trees – flew 2 miles – lit in an ammunition wagon + exploded killing several mules. When these 64pd shells burst over ones head the pieces of iron go on generally a quarter of a mile or more – hitting anything in the way. Some pieces drop, scalding hot to the ground, but if the shell bursts a few feet beyond one – especially if it is flying swiftly, there is little danger from the pieces as they go on – but the roar and shock of the explosion is to ones nerves like an earthquake. If a shell buries itself in the ground a couple of feet or so its explosion is not dangerous unless one is over it. Shot coming point blank at one is not heard at all, so it is doubtful one, if anyone ever hears the shot which strikes him. Shot going over head or to ones side or from one have each their own noise...we learned.



Page 54

Sketch -
Page 55

August 13, 1864, Saturday


Today our lines are carried up to within 200 yards of the enemies works. Their breastworks are very complete, the forts in which are heavy guns, loom up red + yellow earth some 40 ft. high. Bullets fly throughout our camp constantly + shell are liable to explode anywhere at any moment.


A group of men in the regt. to our right gathered around the adjutant as he was distributing the mail. The rebels spied the group + sent a shell over it, burst fairly among the men. They scattered, but three lay on the ground + one was borne past after a few minutes- dead. Two others were severely wounded + 4 more slightly – I stood looking directly at them when this occurred – saw it all + saw the puff of smoke from the C.S. gun – when the shell was fired.


I was told of one man who, returning from the picket line where he had been overnight – after getting his breakfast, threw himself upon the ground with a pencil + sheet of paper, intending to write a letter home. He was raised upon one elbow + had written, Dear Mother – when a ball struck him just under the arm, passing through him + covering his letter with blood. - Another man was grinding coffee in an old mill when the men had found + nailed to a tree. As he turned the handle + a ball struck his breast + he fell dead. No place is safe.


That which is, perhaps dreaded most, is to be shot while at the sinks. The sings are dug generally in some depression of the ground or gully if possible back of the camps. Two crotches are driven into the ground, to a convenient height + a rail or limb of the tree, thrown across. The sink is then screened from sigh by brush + branches of trees. Men have been shot while their + fallen into the filth beneath.



Page 56

Aug, 14th, 1864 – Sunday.


The enemy shelled our camp furiously all night last night + kept us awake + dodging. Our Asst. Surg. Dr. Robt Stephenson is taken sick + retries to the Gen. Hosp. The care of the regt. medically falls entirely upon me. All we can do at the regiment is to give some medicine for colds, colics, cramps, diarrhea +c, tie up wounds, send men to Div. Hosp. or excuse from duty for a few days if they stay with regt. + on march issue permits to go to rear or ride in ambulance. No one can ride in an ambulance except by permission of surgeon.


We keep one ambulance up as near the regt. as possible + have with us in pockets + in the portable medicine chest, bandages, lint + whiskey + to use on the field. The moving sick call at 9 a/m. is when most men report to the Dr. for treatment, permets, or excuses.


I generally wear a belt outside my blouse + on it a (???) “Cap Box” – which is stuffed full of Quinine + Dovers powders instead of gun caps. One day I picked up a nice new cap box – made of thick leather. I threw my old one away + put this on + this box as I think, saved my life one day in camp.


I was sitting on a piece of 2 inch thick plank, which lay on the ground. The sergeant. Major, Adjutant, + others were there + we were talking. Bullets + shell were flying overhead + as we were on the side hill a little we considered ourselves reasonably safe. A shell had just burst near, knocking over + badly searing, but not hurting some negro boys playing in the dirt. Suddenly I felt a sting on my side + whirled around to look at the regt – thinking somebody had thrown a stone at me. The I noticed the stains + directly where



Page 57

Sitting on the hill side at Atlanta, Aug 18, 1864


“Saw the Bone Alley” in the evening. A genuine camp fire.


I was hit on left hip by a bullet while sitting in this group. Aug 14, 1864, the ballet struck a gun cap box on my belt guard + through the piece of 2 inch plank I was sitting on


I feel the effects of it 50 yrs. later.



Page 58

There was a fresh bullet hold through the plank + into the ground. I pulled by belt around + noticed the cap box. There the scrape of a bullet was plain. A ball coming over had doubtless struck the limb of a tree, glanced + struck my cap box. The leather was thick and elastic enough to glance the ball, which went down through the plank, instead of plunging through my body. I was sore a day or so.


Aug 15th Monday –


The men in the regiment have dug burrows to sleep in at night + place a pile of earth at the head to sit + lie behind at night. Many lives are saved in camp this way. It is dangerous to stand up.


Aug 16th, 1864, Tuesday –


The Surgeons of the regt. in our brigade have selected a depression in the ground at the foot of the ridge on top which our breastworks are + made a place to receive “sick call” – prescribe, dress wounds + do our work. The Asst. Surgeon of the 81st Ohio helps me. Soldiers call it Saw Bone Ally.


Aug 17, 1864. Wednesday


In our entrenchments in front of Atlanta


Aug 18, 1864, Thursday


Rations are scarce/ Hear that Rebel cavalry have cut the R.R. at Resaca. Old “Leather Breeches”, A German Artillery Capt. Has his “revolving battery” behind us on a hill. He has six 12pd Napoleons he loads them all + then fires as fast as he can count, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 – there is no chance to dodge his shot.



Page 59

Aug 19, 1864, Friday


Today our Div. makes a charge on the rebel line to see if we can advance our army, there is an uproar for a few hours + then all subsides. The attempt fails.


Aug, 20, 1864, Saturday


Today Maj. Gen. G.M. Dodge, our old Commander of the 16th A.C. was severely wounded in the head + Gen Ransome takes his place. The result of this departure of Gen/ Dodge was the breaking up of the wing of the 16th Corps. Our Divs – the 2nd, became the 4th Div, 15th A.C. + the 1st Div became the – of the 17th A.C.


Aug 21, 1864 Sunday


A (???) of whiskey is issued to the regt every 3 days. I have the dispensing of it.


Aug 22, 1864, Monday


Fronting Atlanta


Aug 23, 1864, Tuesday.


Fronting Atlanta


Aug 24, 1864, Wednesday


Fronting Atlanta


Aug 25, 1864, Thursday


All who did not enlist as veterans start for home today – and we who did reenlist feel sorry we did. The homeward bound boys march merrily off toward the R.R. in the rear. Our regt. is now considerably smaller. Orders have come to move – the heavy artillery on the hills behind us, in our old camp + wagons have already pulled out. We move very quietly out of the works about 10 o’clock at night. Leaving a strong skirmish line to cover us. We march directly back through our old camp across the field + halt in the woods beyond.



Page 60

Map –

Detailing troop movements



Page 61

Movement to Jonesboro – Aug 25 1864 – Thursday


Aug 26, 1864, Friday (26 miles S. of Atlanta)


We were not allowed to camp or sleep last night, but kept edging on through the woods, just back of breastworks + through deserted Federal camps. Finally today we came to a hill covered with breastworks + everything scarred + swept with balls. This is the battlefield of July 28th, where the 15th A.C. fought so hard.


Here we camp + rest a few hours + toward night march on again. The enemy must suspect our movement for their batteries are terribly awake + busy. We march a mile or so in the dark in range of the shells + then turning in on a road running between breastworks soon get beyond the range + feel free. This brought the Army of Tenn. into the neighborhood of Sandtown + Army of Cumberland, the brought the army of Cumberland south of Utoy Creek. Army of Ohio remains in position.


Aug 27, 1865, Saturday


Marched all night last night. There is a heavy shower this A.M. We halt in the woods long enough to cook + eat something + then push on. The Army of Tenn. Comes in near Fairborn, Army of Cumberland near Red Oak, Ohio on left.


Aug 28, 1864, Sunday


We get a little rest last night + now push on a gain. The country is open + fine. Hear that all the army is our of the works + on the move. Except the 20th A.C. which remains in a strongly fortified position before Atlanta. Hood Hurled his army savagely against the 20th A.C. supposing Sherman to be retreating, but was repulsed.


Aug 29, 1864, Monday –


Today we arrived at a point on the Montgomery + West Point R.R. at Red Oak, where we found the 17th A.C. haltered + help….some 12 miles of the R.R.



Page 62

Map -

Detailing Confederate positions.


Sketch –

Man in his rifle pit.



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